The Fifth Desk · Evaluation
Act I · The Map
Deerhunter · produced by Ben H. Allen with the band · 4AD · about 46 minutes
Mode
Old song forms played straight and blurred by production into memory
Mythos
The halcyon calm turned into memory’s lie; a boy cast down from the sky; adolescence as a lost country
Phase
Eleven tracks: a waking into the past, a brief brightness, one break into motion at the centre, a cruel story as a lullaby, and an elegy at the close
Presentation
Album; eleven tracks, about forty-six minutes; nine songs by Bradford Cox, two by Lockett Pundt
Register
Two guitars, drums and a treated drum machine, a saxophone; a voice set into the mix rather than in front of it
Scale
One consciousness remembering, with desire and two deaths beneath the haze
Governing Proposition
An indie band sets its songs in the plainest old forms, doo-wop, rock and roll, a chiming ballad, and blurs them as memory blurs the past: the halcyon days as a digest, a fonder version made after the fact, with isolation, desire and the dead beneath the haze, broken into forward motion once at the centre and ended on a particular friend.
Act II · The Essay
Movement I
The record wakes slowly. Earthquake opens on a treated drum machine and a drift of guitars, and the voice, when it comes, is set into the sound rather than in front of it, as if heard from another room. It has a suspended height, a dream entered without a start. That is the record’s method stated in its first track: what follows will be the past, and it will be heard the way the past is heard, softened, worn, sweeter than it was and less exact.
4AD released the album at the end of September 2010: eleven tracks, about forty-six minutes, produced by Ben H. Allen with the band. Deerhunter were Bradford Cox, Lockett Pundt, Moses Archuleta and Josh Fauver. Cox wrote and sang nine of the songs; Pundt wrote and sang two, Desire Lines and Fountain Stairs. The tracks run a little over four minutes on average, and five of the eleven titles are a single word.
The title names the halcyon, the kingfisher of the old story whose nesting calmed the winter sea, and the calm days named for it. A digest is a shortened version, made later. Together the words name what the record does: it takes the past and edits it into consolation, a fonder version made after the fact. The myth of peace becomes memory’s lie, and every song on the record is heard through it.
Movement II
Coronado is brisk rock and roll with a saxophone that cuts through the wash, a brief brass exultation, the record at its brightest. Revival is brisk too, and evokes the tent meeting and the saved soul. Don’t Cry is brisk; Basement Scene is sweet. The songs are in the plainest old forms, doo-wop and early rock and roll, the forms of the 1950s and 1960s, played straight. Then the production blurs them, and the forms arrive as if through a wall or a worn tape.
That blurring is what the record knows. The old forms are not pastiche but recollection: the shape intact and the detail worn away, which is what remembering does to the past. What the record brings into the open can be stated: memory edits the past into consolation, and beneath the halcyon haze are isolation, unspoken desire and the dead. The sound says it as fully as the words, which are oblique and set low. The condition is felt more than articulated: a mood, carried by sound.
The turn is from the band’s own records. Cryptograms had been ambient drift and noise; Microcastle had already moved toward cleaner songs. Behind them stood shoegaze, the pulse of krautrock, the pop of the early 1960s and the drifting home recordings of their contemporaries. Here a band known for drift commits to the song in its oldest shapes and lets the haze serve memory. The haze itself was a sound the field shared widely in 2010, and the move to clear song was also a move toward a larger audience.
Movement III
Desire Lines is Pundt’s song and the record’s centre, the one place it breaks into open motion. It begins as a modest song and gives way to a long coda over a pressing beat, two guitars climbing and circling until the haze becomes motion. Archuleta’s drumming drives it. It is the record’s height, transport sustained, and the only place the record looks forward rather than back: an escape from memory into movement, placed in the middle of a record otherwise turned toward the past.
The making shows most plainly here. Allen’s production holds a dense, hazed sound legible, and the two guitars interlock and climb without smearing; on close hearing they separate into their parts. Pundt’s guitar work is the record’s finest single craft. His two songs differ in voice from Cox’s and obey the same law, and that is the band’s achievement: one remembering, carried by two writers.
Around the centre, some tracks are slighter. Sailing drifts on almost nothing and restates Earthquake’s mood more thinly; Memory Boy and Fountain Stairs pass without changing the record’s course. They sit inside the haze without enacting it, and the arrangements of Sailing and Fountain Stairs are thin. The haze is one device, applied to every song, and where a song gives it little to work on, the device shows.
Movement IV
Helicopter is the record’s darkest story and its clearest song. A young man is used and thrown away, a boy cast down from the sky, Icarus without the wings, and his fall is set as a lullaby, bell-like figures and chimes sitting clean over the wash. Beauty is laid over cruelty, and that is the record’s law at its hardest: memory treats the cruel and the sweet alike, in one light.
Memory Boy and Basement Scene evoke adolescence as a lost country, glimpsed and not entered. The patterns the record summons, the halcyon calm, the saved soul, the falling boy, are seen through the haze, and none is carried across the sequence. Only the title frames them all, and it frames more than it builds. The figures stay glimpsed, which is how the past is held in the record, and how the record holds them.
One law governs the whole: the past heard through memory’s haze, made sweeter and less exact than it was, with loss beneath. Coronado and Sailing, the record’s most distant tracks, are the same remembering, once of a bright day and once of an empty one. The range of form runs from doo-wop and rock and roll to ambient drift, a driving coda and a chiming elegy. The production holds the tone narrow, one haze over everything, and the law under it does not break.
Movement V
The record ends on a person. He Would Have Laughed is an elegy for a particular friend, and it rises slowly across its length into a chiming close that is both grief and release. After ten tracks of general haze, the record arrives at one loss, named in a title as plain as speech. The past that the record has softened from the start here holds someone who is gone, and the softening becomes mourning.
Sixteen years have tested the record. It survives as released, in print and streamed. It was widely praised in its year and is placed high in lists of its decade within indie criticism, and Desire Lines is still played. Its presence is continuous but narrow, chiefly among indie listeners, and no song has passed into wide use. Its reverb and tape haze, its treated drum machine and its blurred voice belong to a sound shared by much indie music of its years; the old forms beneath date slowly.
What it holds is one consciousness remembering: adolescence and desire through the haze, a stranger’s death in Helicopter and a friend’s in the last song, the sacred once in Revival. The family, labour, the state, history and the natural order are absent. The record does not join what it holds so much as wash it in one light, and that is both its limit and its subject. A digest of the past, fonder than the past was, that ends on a loss.
Act III · The Twelve
Eleven tracks in about forty-six minutes, and the subtractive test finds no padding. Earthquake must open: it wakes the record into its haze, the past entered as a slow dream. Desire Lines is the centre, the one place the record breaks into open motion, and its coda is required as release. Helicopter is the record’s darkest story and its clearest song. He Would Have Laughed must close, an elegy that lets the record end on a person rather than a mood. Revival and Coronado give the record its brief brightness. The test bites at Sailing, which drifts on almost nothing and restates Earthquake’s mood more thinly, and lightly at Memory Boy and Fountain Stairs, which pass without changing the record’s course. The frame and the centre are compelled; three tracks are slighter than the rest.
Score: 8.5 / 10
What the record brings into the open can be stated: memory edits the past into consolation, and the halcyon days are a digest, a fonder version made after the fact; under the haze are isolation, unspoken desire and the dead. Sound carries this as fully as words, and is credited so: songs in the forms of the 1950s and 1960s, doo-wop and early rock and roll, heard as if through a wall or a worn tape, which is what remembering does to the past. Helicopter gives the clearest disclosure, a young man used and thrown away, set to a lovely chiming arrangement; He Would Have Laughed holds a real grief. The words are oblique and set low, and the condition, nostalgia’s falseness, is felt more than articulated.
Score: 8.3 / 10
Elevation is real, of a warm, hazy kind, and comes on about half the record. Desire Lines is the summit: a modest song that gives way to a long guitar coda over a pressing beat, the two guitars climbing and circling until the haze becomes motion, transport sustained. He Would Have Laughed rises slowly across its length into a chiming close that is both elegy and release. Helicopter lifts on its bell-like figures, beauty laid over a cruel story. Earthquake has a drifting, suspended height; Coronado a brief brass exultation. The rest has charm more than height. The register holds the figure: the voice is blurred by design, and the height comes as reverie, seldom as grandeur or terror, on five or six of eleven tracks.
Score: 8.2 / 10
Myth is evoked often and built at one point. The title evokes the halcyon, the kingfisher of the old story whose nesting calmed the winter sea, and the calm days named for it: a myth of peace that the record turns into memory’s lie, and that governs how every song is heard. Revival evokes the tent meeting and the saved soul. Helicopter comes nearest to building, a boy cast down from the sky, Icarus without the wings, his fall set as a lullaby. Memory Boy and Basement Scene evoke adolescence as a lost country. He Would Have Laughed gives a particular person, a dead friend, and keeps him particular. The patterns are glimpsed through the haze rather than carried across the sequence, and the halcyon frames the record more than it structures it.
Score: 8.0 / 10
The inheritance is Deerhunter’s own records, the ambient drift and noise of Cryptograms (2007) and the cleaner songs of Microcastle (2008), and behind them shoegaze, krautrock’s pulse, the pop of the early 1960s and the drifting home recordings of their indie contemporaries. The turn is toward clarity: songs in the plainest old forms, doo-wop, a saxophone rock and roll, a chiming ballad, played straight and then blurred by production into memory. That is a real choice and a coherent one, a band known for drift committing to the song. What holds it: Microcastle had already turned toward the song, the haze was a sound the indie field of 2010 shared widely, and the move toward clear song was also a move toward the larger audience.
Score: 8.1 / 10
Change the form and much of what the record knows goes. A record about memory’s editing is built of old song forms heard through distance: the doo-wop and the rock and roll are not pastiche but recollection, the shape intact and the detail worn away. The blurred voice, set into the mix rather than in front, is part of this: a remembered voice, not a present one. Desire Lines enacts the escape from memory into motion, and its coda is the only place the record looks forward. The sequence is counted here, once: from Earthquake’s waking into the past to He Would Have Laughed’s grief, the record moves from a general haze to a particular loss. The haze is one device, applied to every song, and Sailing, Memory Boy and Fountain Stairs sit in the form without enacting it.
Score: 8.6 / 10
Evidence is short, sixteen years, and the figure is a forecast. The record is returned to by its listeners, and the production yields on close hearing: the layered guitars of Desire Lines separate into their parts, the treated drums of Earthquake hold more than their first drift, and the chiming figures of Helicopter and He Would Have Laughed reward attention. The obliquity of the words invites return, though some of what is found there is projection invited by blur, as with every record that withholds statement. The meaning is a mood, and moods deepen on return less than meanings do; the formal depth is in texture more than in structure; and the return the record receives is real but chiefly within one audience.
Score: 8.2 / 10
The field is indie and alternative rock around 2010. The intrinsic force: the record joined the ambient and noise haze of its moment to classic song form with unusual finish, and showed that the haze could serve memory rather than only texture. That refines a direction rather than reorganising possibility; the synthesis of drift and old pop was a shared project of its scene, worked at the same time by its contemporaries. Achieved reach is scored with intrinsic force: the record was widely praised in its year and is placed high in lists of its decade within indie criticism, and Desire Lines is still played; no clear line of records took its method from it rather than from the scene it belonged to, and its reach outside indie listeners is narrow.
Score: 7.9 / 10
Survival is weighed over sixteen years, on form, presence and fabric. The form is whole: the album survives as released, in print and streamed. Presence is continuous but narrow: the record is known chiefly within indie listening and criticism, and no song has passed into wide use. The fabric is partly fixed to its moment: the reverb and tape haze, the treated drum machine and the blurred voice are a production signature shared by much indie music of 2008 to 2012, the surface this axis penalises, though the old song forms under it date slowly. Narrow presence and a period surface are what hold the figure under the usual step for its span.
Score: 7.9 / 10
Command of the recorded medium, with the words weighed elsewhere, and the making is load-bearing where it counts. Ben H. Allen’s production holds a dense, hazed sound legible: the two guitars of Desire Lines interlock and climb without smearing, the chimes of Helicopter sit clean over its wash, the saxophone of Coronado cuts through. Lockett Pundt’s guitar work is the record’s finest single craft; Moses Archuleta’s drumming drives the coda of Desire Lines and stays out of the way elsewhere; Bradford Cox’s voice is placed into the mix, a choice that carries the argument. The faults fall on a share of the record: the burial of the voice sometimes loses more than it means, Sailing and Fountain Stairs are thin in arrangement, Earthquake’s drum machine is a period sound, and the palette is narrow.
Score: 8.2 / 10
One law governs the record: the past heard through memory’s haze, made sweeter and less exact than it was, with loss beneath. The two most distant elements obey it. Coronado, brisk rock and roll with a saxophone, and Sailing, a near-silent drift, are the same remembering, once of a bright day and once of an empty one. Helicopter’s cruelty and Basement Scene’s sweetness share one wash, and that is the point: memory treats them alike. Pundt’s two songs differ in voice from Cox’s and obey the same law, which is the band’s achievement. The range of form runs from doo-wop and rock and roll to ambient drift, a driving coda and a chiming elegy. The tonal range is held narrow by the production, one haze over everything; the coherence is in the law, not the narrowness.
Score: 8.5 / 10
Judged on what the record holds, with no discount for the album form. Consciousness is held, as memory and its editing. Adolescence and desire are held, glimpsed through the haze. Death is held in He Would Have Laughed, a particular friend, and in Helicopter, a stranger’s death as an image of use and disposal. The sacred is evoked once, in Revival. The body appears in Helicopter’s violence. What holds this axis lowest of the twelve: the family, labour, the state, history and the natural order are absent or a word; the orders that are present lie close together inside one consciousness’s remembering; and the record does not join them so much as wash them in one light. A small form holding what it holds, and the figure describes it.
Score: 7.4 / 10
Act IV · The Reckoning
8.2 / 10 · Final Average
Placement: Tier IV · Canonical
Strongest Dimensions
The Living Form at 8.6, then The Inevitable and The Inner Law at 8.5, and The Unconcealment at 8.3. A form in which old song shapes heard through distance are memory itself, the voice a remembered one; a frame and a centre that are compelled, from the waking of the first track to the elegy of the last; one law, the past made sweeter than it was with loss beneath, holding the cruel and the sweet, and two writers, in one light; and a disclosure of memory’s editing carried by sound as fully as by words.
Limiting Dimension
The Encompassed at 7.4: consciousness, adolescence, desire and two deaths held inside one remembering and washed in one light, with the family, labour, the state, history and the natural order absent. Next above it, Pressure on Tradition and The Imperishable at 7.9: a synthesis of haze and old song shared with its scene, whose reach has stayed within indie listening, and a presence as narrow as that reach, behind a surface shared with its years.
The Necessity Cap clears at 8.5 against a threshold of 7.5. The Coherence Floor clears: The Living Form at 8.6, The Made at 8.2, The Inner Law at 8.5, each against 7.0. The Epochal Gate is unmet on all five: The Unconcealment at 8.3, The Swerve at 8.1, The Archetypal Deep at 8.0, Pressure on Tradition at 7.9 and The Imperishable at 7.9 each fall short of the bar of 8.5. The Universal Minimum is met (no axis but The Encompassed falls below 7.9, against 7.5) and The Encompassed, which is exempted, clears its own floor of 6.0 at 7.4. Four of the five summit conditions are met; the summit is withheld on the Epochal Gate, and the aggregate, at 8.2, stands below it as well.
Basis · the complete album as released by 4AD at the end of September 2010, eleven tracks in sequence, about forty-six minutes; judged from knowledge of the recording and its reception, closer for some tracks than for others. No recording or lyric sheet was in hand. The album is the unit; live performances and reissues are used only as evidence. Songs are cited by title, and no lyric is quoted. Facts that could not be verified, among them the studio, the track timings, the dedication of the closing song, the story behind Helicopter and what the band has said of the title, are not given.