The Fifth Desk · Evaluation
Act I · The Map
Portishead · produced by Geoff Barrow, Adrian Utley and Beth Gibbons · about 49 minutes
Mode
Trip hop dismantled; krautrock pulse, analogue synthesiser and post-punk abrasion set around a torch singer’s voice
Mythos
A descent: a voice cut off at the start, carried down through machinery to its lowest and rawest at the close
Phase
Eleven tracks in one sequence; a cut-off opening, a mechanical middle, ninety seconds of ukulele as the one breath, and the heaviest track last
Presentation
Album; eleven tracks, about forty-nine minutes, the band’s first studio album in eleven years
Register
Played and programmed drums, abrasive and fingerpicked guitar, analogue synthesisers, organ, a ukulele; one voice, fragile and unadorned
Scale
One self under pressure, held whole, and a world of machines around it
Governing Proposition
A band whose sound had become a style returns after eleven years and takes it apart: songs cut off before they finish, a pulse that will not vary, abrasive guitar and old synthesisers in place of samples and strings, and one exposed voice set against machinery that does not adjust to it, carried down track by track to its lowest and rawest at the close.
Act II · The Essay
Movement I
The record begins with a voice speaking Portuguese, of a rule of three, on an album called Third. Then the drums arrive, pounding, with an abrasive guitar over them, and a song builds toward something and is cut off in the middle of a phrase. That is the record’s first statement, and it is made before a word is sung in English: this record will not let a song finish. A band whose earlier albums turned on the torch song’s long arc opens its return with an arc broken off.
Third was issued in April 2008, Portishead’s third studio album and its first since Portishead in 1997. It holds eleven tracks in one sequence, about forty-nine minutes, and was produced by the band itself: Geoff Barrow, Adrian Utley and Beth Gibbons. The tracks run Silence, Hunter, Nylon Smile, The Rip, Plastic, We Carry On, Deep Water, Machine Gun, Small, Magic Doors and Threads. The vinyl and the CD carry the same tracks in the same order, and nothing in any edition bears on what the record is.
The shape is a descent. The two longest tracks sit at the centre and in the last third. The one short track, Deep Water, is placed directly after the longest relentless piece and directly before Machine Gun, the harshest. The record ends on Threads, the slowest and heaviest track, closed by a low blaring tone. The order is not a set of songs arranged for variety. It carries a voice from an opening that is cut short, through a middle made of machinery, to a close where the voice has nowhere lower to go.
Movement II
The fourth track is the one place on the record where the old tenderness is let in. A guitar is fingerpicked under the voice, plainly, and for a minute the record sounds as though it might console. Then the same figure passes from the guitar into an analogue synthesiser as the drums enter, and the song lifts. The lift is also a loss. The human figure on a guitar is taken over by the machine, and the song grows more beautiful as it grows less human. The record’s whole argument is enacted inside one track.
That argument is what the form knows, and it is why the form cannot be changed without loss. A record about a self that cannot be consoled is built so that nothing consoles: songs cut off before they close, forms that refuse the return of a chorus, a pulse that does not vary, and a voice placed alone against machinery that does not adjust to it. Played as conventional songs, with their arcs restored and their voices cushioned, these tracks would keep their tunes and lose what they know.
The making carries it. Beth Gibbons’s voice holds pitch at the edge of breaking and uses vibrato as distress, thinning or hardening the register by design. Adrian Utley’s guitar runs from the fingerpicking of this track to the scouring of Hunter and Silence. Geoff Barrow’s drums and programming make rhythm the argument. The production keeps a harsh record legible: the voice is never buried, and each analogue tone is placed so that it can be followed. Where the making falters, on Nylon Smile and Magic Doors, the arrangement thins, and the abrasion is laid on rather than shaped.
Movement III
At the centre of the record a motorik pulse is held for more than six minutes, and it does not vary. The voice rides above it, and the repetition, which might be the comfort of a groove, becomes a trance of dread. The title names what the record discloses: a self that has lost the means of trust, in love, in others, in its own worth and in faith, finds the world around it mechanical, repetitive and indifferent, and goes on anyway. The going on is not a triumph. It is what is left.
The sound discloses that condition as fully as the words do, and more plainly. The voice, fragile and unadorned, is set against drum machines and abrasive guitars that make no room for it, so the condition is undergone in the hearing rather than described. The limit is the old line between mood and meaning. The words are private and fragmentary, and little is stated beyond the self’s exhaustion and distrust; the record uncovers one person under pressure more than the world that presses on her.
The tradition turned from is the band’s own. Dummy (1994) and Portishead made a sound of slow breakbeats, scratched samples and a torch singer over noir strings, and it was imitated so widely that by the end of the decade it had become a coffee-table style. After eleven years the band gave up almost every mark of it, for played and programmed drums, abrasive guitar, analogue synthesiser and abrupt cuts. A returning band offered its large audience a record no one had asked for. The languages it took up were proven, in Silver Apples, Neu! and post-punk, and Kid A had made the established band’s swerve eight years before.
Movement IV
The seventh track is ninety seconds of ukulele and close harmony in the barbershop manner, the lightest thing on the record. It comes directly after We Carry On and directly before Machine Gun, and it is the record’s single breath. For a minute and a half the voice is small and domestic and almost comic. Then Machine Gun begins: a drum machine like gunfire, the voice exposed above it with nothing to shelter it, and at the close a synthesiser passage of cold grandeur.
The placing of those two tracks side by side is the record’s law made audible. One law governs the whole: a lone, exposed voice set against a world of machines that will not adapt to it. The ukulele and the drum machine, the two most distant things on the record, obey it, one as the human figure at its smallest, the other as the same voice under fire. The range the law covers is wide, from krautrock pulse and folk guitar to close harmony, organ psychedelia, industrial drum machine and synthesiser score.
The law strains once. Small, the longest track, opens out in its middle into an organ passage that drifts toward a 1960s psychedelia the rest of the record does not share, and extends a mood more than it advances one. Magic Doors, near the end, restates the record’s mode without a turn of its own. Height comes on six or seven of the eleven tracks, The Rip, Machine Gun, We Carry On and Threads highest among them, and it is almost all of one temperature, dread. Nylon Smile, Plastic and Magic Doors stay level.
Movement V
The record ends at its heaviest. Threads is the slowest track, the voice at its rawest over a crushing pulse, and it ends on doubt, not on resolution. Then a low blaring tone sounds and the record is over. The titles have summoned old figures all along, the hunter, the deep water, the magic doors, and now the thread of a life that the Fates spin; the rule of three spoken at the start returns as the record’s own name. The descent is built into the order of the tracks. No figure bears it. There is no person in the record but the voice.
What the record holds is one self, held whole: distrust, exhaustion, self-doubt and the will to go on, the couple present as loss and need, faith glimpsed as something lost. Technology is the medium itself, set against the voice. The family, labour, the state, history and the natural order do not enter, except as figures in the titles. That narrowness is the record’s chosen field and the source of its intensity, and it is also what the record cannot get past: nothing beyond the self enters except as a sound.
Eighteen years have passed. The recording survives as issued and in print, heard whole by those who know the band and placed high in the lists of its decade, though it has nothing like the public presence of Dummy and no track has passed into common circulation. Its analogue palette was old when it was chosen, so it has dated less than most records of its years. Its force was to show that a defined and copied sound could be dismantled and rebuilt from older, harsher materials without losing the singer at its centre. That reorganised the band’s own possibility more than the field’s, and its drum and synthesiser sound has been studied and borrowed since.
Act III · The Twelve
Eleven tracks in about forty-nine minutes, and the subtractive test mostly fails to find a cut. Silence must open: its spoken Portuguese introduction, its pounding drums and its end cut off mid-phrase announce a record that will not let a song finish. The Rip is required as the one place the old tenderness is let in and then turned to machinery; Deep Water, ninety seconds of ukulele and close harmony, is required as the breath between the two most punishing tracks. Machine Gun and Threads are the spine. The test bites twice: Magic Doors restates the record’s mode without a turn of its own, and Small’s long organ middle extends a mood more than it advances one.
Score: 8.5 / 10
What the record brings into the open can be stated: a self that has lost the means of trust, in love, in others, in its own worth and in faith, finds the world around it mechanical, repetitive and indifferent, and goes on anyway. We Carry On names the going on; Threads ends on doubt, not resolution. The sound discloses as fully as the words. The voice, fragile and unadorned, is set against drum machines and abrasive guitars that do not accommodate it, so that the condition is undergone in the hearing, not described. What holds the axis below the bar is the line between mood and meaning: the words are private and fragmentary, and little is stated beyond the self’s exhaustion and distrust.
Score: 8.1 / 10
Elevation is frequent, almost all of it dreadful, and some of it very high. The Rip is the warmest height: a fingerpicked guitar under the voice, then the same figure passing into an analogue synthesiser as the drums enter, a lift that is also a loss. Machine Gun is the harshest: a drum machine like gunfire, the voice exposed above it, and a closing synthesiser passage of cold grandeur. We Carry On holds a motorik pulse for six minutes until it becomes a trance of dread. Threads ends at the record’s heaviest, the voice at its rawest. Height comes on six or seven of eleven tracks; Nylon Smile, Plastic and Magic Doors stay level, and the temperature is mostly one.
Score: 8.8 / 10
Myth is evoked, and in one respect carried by the sequence. The record opens on a voice speaking in Portuguese of a rule of three, on a record named Third; the hunter, the deep water, the magic doors and the threads, the thread of a life that the Fates spin, are old figures summoned by title and atmosphere. Under the sequence lies a descent, from a voice cut off in Silence, down through the machinery of the middle, to Threads, where the voice is at its lowest and rawest; the order of the tracks builds it, and every placing is heard as a step down. What holds the axis is that no figure bears it: there is no person in the record but the voice.
Score: 7.7 / 10
The inheritance is the band’s own: the trip hop of Dummy (1994) and Portishead (1997), slow breakbeats, scratched samples, a torch singer over noir strings, a sound so widely imitated that by the end of the 1990s it had become a coffee-table style. The turn is large. After eleven years the band gave up almost every mark of it: sampled breakbeats for played and programmed drums of motorik and industrial cast, cinematic warmth for abrasive guitars and analogue synthesisers, the song’s arc for abrupt cuts. A returning band of large audience offered a record its audience had not asked for. What holds it short of the bar is the path: its languages were proven, and Kid A had made this kind of swerve first.
Score: 8.4 / 10
Change the form and much of what the record knows goes. A record about a self that cannot be consoled is built so that nothing consoles: songs cut off before they close, forms that refuse a chorus’s return, a pulse that does not vary in We Carry On and Machine Gun, and a voice placed alone against machinery that does not adjust to it. The Rip enacts the argument inside one track: the human figure on a guitar is taken over by the synthesiser, and the song grows more beautiful as it grows less human. The sequence is counted here, once: it carries the descent. Nylon Smile, Plastic and Magic Doors serve the form without enacting it, and the sequence intensifies more than it turns.
Score: 8.7 / 10
Eighteen years is a short span, and on this axis it forecasts more than it demonstrates. What it shows runs mostly among musicians and critics: the record is placed high whenever its decade is counted, and its drum and synthesiser sound has been studied and borrowed. The yield in the recording is formal and real. The layered textures separate on return, the play between played and programmed sound repays close hearing, and the descent of the sequence is felt more on a second hearing than on a first. The semantic return is thinner: the words are few, private and fragmentary, and part of what a listener finds in them on return is projection invited by the voice.
Score: 8.2 / 10
The field is the popular and electronic album of the 2000s, and the place in it of a returning band of the 1990s. The intrinsic force is real: the record showed that a band with a defined and widely copied sound could dismantle it and rebuild from harsher, older materials, krautrock pulse, analogue synthesiser and post-punk abrasion, without losing its singer’s centre. It reorganised the band’s own possibility more than the field’s. Achieved reach is scored with intrinsic force: the record was well received and widely heard, and its drum and synthesiser sound has been studied and borrowed; but no body of later work can be named that it redirected, and the revival of its languages ran through other hands in the same years.
Score: 7.9 / 10
Survival is weighed over eighteen years, on form, then presence, then fabric. The form is whole: the recording survives as issued, in print on vinyl and CD and in streaming. Presence is continuous but not wide: the record is heard as an album by those who know the band and placed in the lists of its decade, but it has nothing like the broadcast and public presence of Dummy, and no track has passed into common circulation. The fabric is little fixed to 2008. The record avoided the production fashions of its year, and the analogue palette it chose was already old, so it dates less than most records of its decade. The narrowness of its presence is what holds the figure.
Score: 8.2 / 10
The making is load-bearing throughout. Beth Gibbons’s voice is among the most exact instruments of its time: pitch held at the edge of breaking, vibrato used as distress, the register thinning or hardening by design. Adrian Utley’s guitar runs from the fingerpicking of The Rip to the scouring of Hunter and Silence. Geoff Barrow’s drums and programming make rhythm the record’s argument, and the production keeps a harsh record legible: the voice is never buried, and each analogue tone is placed so it can be followed. The faults fall on a share of the record: Magic Doors and Nylon Smile are thinner in arrangement, Small’s middle runs past what its material carries, and the abrasion is sometimes laid on rather than shaped.
Score: 8.7 / 10
One law governs the record: a lone, exposed voice set against a world of machines that will not adapt to it. The two most distant elements obey it. Deep Water, ninety seconds of ukulele and close harmony in the barbershop manner, is the lightest thing on the record; Machine Gun, which follows it, is the hardest. The first is the human figure at its smallest and most domestic, the second the same voice under fire, and the placing of the one against the other is the law made audible. The range is wide: krautrock pulse, folk guitar, close harmony, organ psychedelia, industrial drum machine, synthesiser score. The law strains once, at Small, whose organ middle drifts toward a 1960s psychedelia the rest does not share.
Score: 8.7 / 10
Judged on what the record holds, with no discount for the album form. Consciousness is held fully: distrust, exhaustion, self-doubt and the will to go on. The couple is present as loss and need through most of the words. Faith is glimpsed as something lost, and the sacred appears only as an old rule spoken in a foreign language at the start. Technology is the medium itself, set against the voice. The family, labour, the state, history, place and the natural order are absent, except as figures in the titles. One consciousness joins what is there and holds it whole. What holds the figure lowest is the narrowness of the field: nothing beyond that self enters except as a sound.
Score: 7.1 / 10
Act IV · The Reckoning
8.3 / 10 · Final Average
Placement: Tier IV · Canonical
Strongest Dimensions
The Sublime at 8.8, then The Living Form, The Made and The Inner Law at 8.7. Elevation on six or seven of eleven tracks, almost all of it dread; a form in which nothing consoles, the record’s argument enacted inside The Rip; a voice held at the edge of breaking and a harsh production kept legible; and one law, a lone voice against machines, binding a ukulele to a drum machine.
Limiting Dimension
The Encompassed at 7.1: one self held whole, the couple present as loss, faith glimpsed as lost, and the family, labour, the state, history and the natural order absent except as figures in the titles. Below the rest, The Archetypal Deep at 7.7 and Pressure on Tradition at 7.9: a descent built into the order and borne by no figure, and a force that reorganised the band’s own possibility more than the field’s.
The Necessity Cap clears at 8.5 against a threshold of 7.5. The Coherence Floor clears with room: The Living Form at 8.7, The Made at 8.7, The Inner Law at 8.7, each against 7.0. The Epochal Gate is unmet on all five: The Swerve at 8.4, The Imperishable at 8.2, The Unconcealment at 8.1, Pressure on Tradition at 7.9 and The Archetypal Deep at 7.7 each fall short of the bar of 8.5. The Universal Minimum is met (no axis but The Encompassed falls below 7.7, against 7.5) and The Encompassed, which is exempted, clears its own floor of 6.0 at 7.1. Four of the five summit conditions are met; the summit is withheld on the Epochal Gate, and the aggregate, at 8.3, stands below it as well.
Basis · the album as released in April 2008, eleven tracks in one sequence, about forty-nine minutes, produced by Geoff Barrow, Adrian Utley and Beth Gibbons; judged from knowledge of the recording and its reception. No recording or lyric sheet was in hand. The album is the unit; the vinyl and the CD carry the same eleven tracks in the same order, and the band’s earlier albums are named only as the tradition the record turns from. Songs are cited by title, and no lyric is quoted. Track lengths are given only roughly. Facts that could not be verified, among them the exact dates and labels of release, where and over how long the record was made, the players beyond the three members, the source of the spoken rule of three and of the instrument behind the closing tone, the film scores the close of Machine Gun is likened to, the record’s later citation by producers, its performance whole on tour and the course of its reputation since release, are not given.